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Apache Cassandra™
1.2
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What's new
Key features
Key CQL features
Other CQL 3 enhancements
Other changes
Understanding the Architecture
Architecture in brief
About internode communications (gossip)
Configuring gossip settings
Purging gossip state on a node
About failure detection and recovery
Data distribution and replication
About Data distribution and replication
Consistent hashing
About virtual nodes
How data is distributed across a cluster (using virtual nodes)
Setting up virtual nodes
About data replication
Choosing keyspace replication options
About partitioners
About the Murmur3Partitioner
About the RandomPartitioner
About the ByteOrderedPartitioner
About snitches
Dynamic snitching
SimpleSnitch
RackInferringSnitch
PropertyFileSnitch
GossipingPropertyFileSnitch
EC2Snitch
EC2MultiRegionSnitch
About client requests
About write requests
About multiple data center write requests
About read requests
Planning a cluster deployment
Selecting hardware for enterprise implementations
Planning an Amazon EC2 cluster
Calculating usable disk capacity
Calculating user data size
Anti-patterns in Cassandra
Installing DataStax Community
Installing the RHEL-based packages
Installing the Debian and Ubuntu packages
Installing on all Linux or Mac OSX systems
Installing a Cassandra cluster on Amazon EC2
Creating an EC2 security group
Launching the DataStax Community AMI
Connecting to your DataStax Community EC2 instance
Expanding a Cassandra AMI cluster
Installing the Oracle JRE and the JNA
Installing the JRE on RHEL-based systems
Installing the JRE on Debian-based systems
Installing the JRE on SUSE systems
Installing the JNA on RHEL or CentOS Systems
Installing the JNA on Debian or Ubuntu Systems
Installing the JNA on SUSE Systems
Installing the JNA using the binary tarball
Recommended production settings
Upgrading Cassandra
Best practices
Prerequisites
Debian or Ubuntu
RHEL or CentOS
Tarball
Completing the upgrade
Changes impacting upgrade
Initializing a cluster
Initializing a multiple node cluster (single data center)
Initializing a multiple node cluster (multiple data centers)
Security
SLL encryption
Client-to-node encryption
Node-to-node encryption
Using cqlsh with SSL encryption
Preparing server certificates
Adding new trusted users
Internal authentication
About internal authentication
Configuring authentication
Logging in using cqlsh
Internal authorization
About object permissions
Configuring internal authorization
Configuring firewall port access
Data modeling
Tables and columns
Example of a music service
Compound keys and clustering
Collection columns
Adding a collection to a table
Updating a collection
Querying a collection
Expiring columns
Counter columns
Indexing
About indexing
Using multiple indexes
When to use an index
Building and maintaining indexes
About data modeling in Cassandra
Working with pre-CQL3 applications
Querying a legacy table
Using a CQL 3 query
Querying Cassandra
Using CQL
Getting started
Starting cqlsh on Linux
Starting cqlsh on Windows
Starting cqlsh in CQL 2 mode
Using tab completion
Creating and updating a keyspace
Example of creating a keyspace
Updating the replication factor
Creating a table
Using a compound primary key
Inserting data into a table
Querying a system table
Keyspace, table, and column information
Cluster information
Retrieving and sorting results
Using the keyspace qualifier
Determining time-to-live for a column
Determining the date/time of a write
Adding columns to a table
Altering the data type of a column
Removing data
Expiring columns
Dropping a table or keyspace
Deleting columns and rows
Using collections
Using the set type
Using the list type
Using the map type
Indexing a column
Paging through unordered partitioner results
Using a counter
CQL reference
Introduction
CQL lexical structure
Uppercase and lowercase
Escaping characters
Valid literals
Exponential notation
CQL Keywords
CQL data types
Blob
Collection types
UUID and timeuuid
Timeuuid functions
Timestamp type
Counter type
CQL keyspace and table properties
CQL Commands
ALTER KEYSPACE
ALTER TABLE
ALTER USER
BATCH
CREATE INDEX
CREATE KEYSPACE
CREATE TABLE
CREATE USER
DELETE
DROP TABLE
DROP INDEX
DROP KEYSPACE
DROP USER
GRANT
INSERT
Example of inserting data into playlists
LIST PERMISSIONS
LIST USERS
REVOKE
SELECT
TRUNCATE
UPDATE
USE
cqlsh Commands
ASSUME
CAPTURE
CONSISTENCY
COPY
DESCRIBE
EXIT
SHOW
SOURCE
TRACING
Using CLI
Using CLI
Starting CLI on a single node
Start CLI in a multinode cluster
Creating a keyspace
Accessing CQL 3 tables
About data types
About validators
About comparators
Creating a table
Creating a counter table
Inserting rows and columns
Reading rows and columns
Setting an expiring column
Indexing a column
Deleting rows and columns
Dropping tables and keyspaces
Managing data
Introduction
About writes
How Cassandra stores data
About index updates
About inserts and updates
The write path of an update
About deletes
Managing data on disk
Throughput and latency
Separate table directories
About hinted handoff writes
About reads
Reading a clustered row
About the read path
How write patterns affect reads
How the row cache affects reads
How compaction and compression affect reads
About transactions and concurrency control
Atomicity
Tunable consistency
Isolation
Durability
Configuring data consistency
About schema changes
Handling schema disagreements
Configuration
Node and cluster configuration
Initialization properties
Global row and key caches properties
Performance tuning properties
Binary protocol timeout properties
Remote procedure call tuning (RPC) properties
Fault detection properties
Automatic Backup Properties
Security properties
Keyspace and table storage configuration
Keyspace attributes
Table attributes
Configuring the heap dump directory
Generating tokens
Logging configuration
Logging levels
Changing Logging Levels
Changing the rotation and size of the Cassandra output.log
Changing the rotation and size of the Cassandra system.log
Commit log archive configuration
Configuring authentication and authorization
passwd.properties
access.properties
Operations
Monitoring Cassandra
Monitoring a Cassandra cluster
Compaction metrics
Thread pool and read/write latency statistics
Table statistics
Tuning Bloom filters
Data caching
Configuring data caches
Enabling and configuring caching
How caching works
Tips for efficient cache use
Monitoring and adjusting caching
Configuring memtable throughput
Compaction and compression
About configuring compaction
Configuring compaction
About configuring compression
Enabling and disabling compression
When to compress data
Testing compaction and compression
Tuning Java resources
Repairing nodes
Replacing or adding a node or data center
Adding nodes an existing cluster
Adding a data center to a cluster
Replacing a dead node
Backing up and restoring data
Taking a snapshot
Deleting snapshot files
Enabling incremental backups
Restoring from a Snapshot
Node restart method
Cassandra tools
The nodetool utility
Nodetool options
Nodetool commands
The cassandra utility
Cassandra bulk loader
The cassandra-shuffle utility
Commands and options
The cassandra-stress tool
Options for cassandra-stress
Using the Daemon Mode
Interpreting the output of cassandra-stress
The sstable2json / json2sstable utilities
The sstable2json utility
Tracking data expiration
Tracking counter columns
The json2sstable utility
sstablekeys
References
Starting and stopping Cassandra
Starting Cassandra as a service
Starting Cassandra as a stand-alone process
Stopping Cassandra as a service
Stopping Cassandra as a stand-alone process
Clearing the data as a service
Clearing the data as a stand-alone process
Install locations
Locations of the configuration files
Packaged install directories
Binary install directories
Troubleshooting
Reads are getting slower while writes are still fast
Nodes seem to freeze after some period of time
Nodes are dying with OOM errors
Nodetool or JMX connections failing on remote nodes
View of ring differs between some nodes
Java reports an error saying there are too many open files
Insufficient user resource limits errors
Cannot initialize class org.xerial.snappy.Snappy
DataStax Community release notes
Glossary
anti-entropy
Bloom filter
cluster
clustering
clustering column
column
column family
commit log
compaction
composite partition key
compound primary key
consistency
consistency level
coordinator node
cross-data center forwarding
data center
gossip
HDFS
idempotent
keyspace
MapReduce
memtable
mutation
node repair
partitioner
partition key
partition index
partition range
partition summary
primary key
read repair
replication group
replica placement strategy
rolling restart
row
index
slice
snitch
SSTable
strong consistency
superuser
table
token
tombstone
TTL
weak consistency
wide row
upsert
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Apache Cassandra™ 1.2
Apache Cassandra™ 1.2
